How to master your next phone interview

Step by step instructions to ace your next telephone meet In this period of messaging, when telephone discussions are progressively uncommon, a telephone meeting can be an overwhelming advance during the pursuit of employment process. It’s sufficiently hard to do an eye to eye meet, however for this situation you have toâ create a compatibility with an expected boss with no outward appearances to direct you. Also, in light of the fact that you’re not before somebody, prepared and continue close by, doesn’t imply that your discussion is any less significant. Truth be told, a review on CareerBuilder uncovered that 87% of businesses could tell if an occupation up-and-comer was a solid match inside the initial 15 minutes of a telephone meet. Here are a couple of tips to help keep you rational and increment your odds of progress if you’re requested to dial in to become more acquainted with your future employer.Warm up your voice.Don’t let your telephone meet be the primary vocal get in touch with you have with someone else on talk with day. Call a companion or relative and have a talk. On the off chance that no one’s around, have a discussion with yourself in the shower. Do anything it takes to get in discussion mode so you don’t sound like you simply turned up at talk with time.Treat it like the genuine thing.So consider the possibility that your questioner can’t see you. Take on the appearance of you would for an in-person talk with, wearing proficient, open to garments that causes you to feel your best. Sit upstanding in a genuine seat. Don’t droop on the lounge chair, lie on your bed, or spread out. Act like an expert and you’re bound to seem like one.Do your research.Your questioner needs to realize that you’re genuine about the activity, and the most ideal approach to show you truly need it is to search out data about your questioner, the organization, the position, the business, and so on. Do as much schoolwork as you would for an in-perso n meet. On the off chance that you are all around educated, you will likewise be set up for any inquiry your questioner may hurl your way.Don’t chatter too much.Filling cumbersome hushes with jibber jabber is a spasm we as a whole have in meetings, and it sounds far and away more terrible on the telephone. Never converse with basically fill dead air and never shield your questioner from getting in a word edgewise. Finish your sentences and permit space for the other individual to react this isn't just a decent formula for a characteristic meeting discussion; it’s additionally a sign that you’re a kind person.Talk to a face.If you can do a touch of Google following and discover a photograph of your questioner, print it out or pull it up on your PC so you can take a gander at it during your meeting. This can assist you with interfacing with your questioner and match her or his voice to a face. On the off chance that you can’t discover a photograph of your q uestioner, have a go at taking a gander at an image of somebody in your field that you regard and imagine that you are attempting to intrigue that person.End on a constructive note.No matter how well (or horribly) you think the meeting went, make a point to end with enthusiasm and certainty. Thank your questioner for the call, emphasize your enthusiasm for the position, and remind the person in question that you’d be an incredible fit-and a solid resource!- to the group. Regardless of whether you’re not feeling it, anticipate polished methodology and energy in those last moments. Then, quickly send a card to say thanks similarly as you would after an in-person meet.

Why has EU been able to successfully develop a common trade policy but Essay

Why has EU had the option to effectively build up a typical exchange strategy yet not a typical international strategy - Essay Example The part nations have repudiated each other on a few events not just concerning the managing the outside nations, yet have reservations with respect to the idea of job to be played by the EU. The solid individuals from the EU are of the supposition that EU ought to be reflected as European Power, however hardly any part nations have thought of protests against such techniques, and have prompted further divisions in approach and comprehension of the part nation (Roland, 2004). The head of EU Solana has presumed that the inclusion of the EU can not be just decided by the nearness of the EU in various nations and global associations, yet the impact of the EU authority is significant component, and tragically the EU because of absence of co-appointment has neglected to accomplish that specific status and head job. The boss has offered various arrangements in such manner, which incorporates, The remote priests of the part nations have concurred with these standards, and it was demoralizing to see that EU has not directed that proposed approach towards any of outside government, in this way it has been understood that there is requirement for more noteworthy collaboration between the EU and part state exercises, yet the Union thought that it was hard to execute such methodology and comprehension. The Union needs to work helpfully in such manner, yet shockingly the part nations have mirrored the comparable status of insufficient co-appointment and pitifully reserved which existed after the arrangement of European Political Cooperation (Winters, 2002). There is prerequisite for the presentation and execution of radical changes which can contribute towards the accomplishment of Common Foreign and Security Policy. The reasons ascribed with the disappointment of the EU towards shared trait of interests and comprehension on remote issues, is likewise clarified by following reasons, The EU authoritative authorities, Brussels based, are national capitals

Core Values and Concept at Pals Sudden Service

Guiding principle and Concept at Pals Sudden Service It sells cheeseburgers, wieners, chipped ham, chicken, French fries, and drinks as theyll as breakfast bread rolls with nation ham, frankfurter, and sauce. It can undoubtedly separate itself from inexpensive food contenders by conveying seriously evaluated nourishment of reliably high caliber, conveyed quickly, merrily, and without mistake. Buddies is the primary business in the eatery business to get a Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. The presentation greatness objectives and models for the Malcolm Baldridge Quality Award offer a formalized program that characterizes, measures, and rewards associations who embody the standards of an association that is effectively making stride and procuring the consequences of being a high-performing association. Visionary Leadership Buddies Senior Leaders (Chairman and President/CEO) set their Vision and Values every year as a component of their vital arranging process after cautiously dissecting the market condition and effectively looking for contribution from all partners. Senior Leaders by and by lead, screen, and mentor the Pals Leadership Team in deciphering their Vision and Values. Authority is pointedly in line with client inclinations and authoritative needs. Senior Leaders speak with workers all through the association by: Utilizing the Pals Communication/Feedback Process, much of the time being available at the cafés Utilizing an open-entryway approach, giving simple access to every single Senior Leader for the whole staff, perusing and reacting to worker messages, and being effectively available by telephone or email. The effect on Pals association from this authority driven, full partner contribution approach has been quick improvement activities, normalized forms, continuous authoritative learning, worker advancement, a proactive culture, and high-esteem business results. This worker commitment practice makes and fortifies a situation for support, business, and development. It additionally drives authoritative deftness and hierarchical and representative learning. Plus, the administration group utilizes the Strategic Planning Process to set bearing and seek after future open doors for the business while utilizing contributions from every key partner (e.g., clients, storekeeper/administrators, general staff, providers/accomplices), considering their necessities and desires. This procedure is utilized to characterize, adjust, survey, and keep up a Corporate Mission Statement, Vision Statement, Key Business Drivers, Values Code of Ethics, and activity plans. Through these key yields, Pals Leadership Team keeps up clear qualities, superior desires, and a sharp spotlight on all partner needs. Senior pioneers and storekeeper/administrators convey and decipher these at each hierarchical level to characterize authoritative, store, and individual duties and to recognize open doors for learning and development. Advancement is passed through the Product/Service/Process Introduction Process. Senior pioneers by and by lead cross-utilitarian groups through this methodical methodology for growing new or changed items, administrations, or procedures. Senior pioneers by and by lead cross-practical groups through this deliberate methodology for growing new or changed items, administrations, or procedures. Administration Team individuals received the On-line Quality Control Process (Figure 4) and routinely survey its utilization of best practices to accomplish elite and greatness in Pals operational and bolster forms. This guarantees steady adherence to strategies, measures, and targets. Authoritative Personal Learning The effect on Pals association from this administration driven, full partner inclusion way to deal with sending has been fast improvement activities, normalized forms, progressing authoritative learning, worker advancement, a proactive culture, and high worth business results. Pioneers make a reasonable association by: Putting resources into the future by building up the individuals to guarantee that they will have the option to constantly address future issues and necessities Utilizing a dynamic capital reinvestment plan Buddies brand-building Effectively tuning in and remaining firmly lined up with their clients and their needs, Building a solid and sound gracefully chain, Helping the networks where they work to develop and thrive. Buddies has a procedure for everything authoritative and operational. There are in every case new item acquaintances with recruiting choices to the structure of help procedures and work frameworks. Key learnings are caught and shared all through the association utilizing the Communication/Feedback Process and the On-line Quality Control Process. Buddies statistical surveying looks for near data identifying with key issues, for example, (1) clients likes or abhorrences concerning Pals or explicit Pals contenders, and (2) reasons a specific eatery is chosen as a top choice. They break down the relative information for patterns and moves in purchasing behaviors to distinguish required changes in their business system and to target other potential client gatherings and future markets. Key client prerequisites and drivers of procurement choices are resolved from the utilization of the accompanying tuning in and learning techniques: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ Telephone interviews à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ Mall interviews à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ Drop-in overviews à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ Mail-in overviews à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ Marketing By Wandering Around (MkBWA), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ on hand interviews à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ client based overviews Buddies cutting edge staff preparing program remembers extraordinary guidance for successful listening aptitudes. These aptitudes are not just basic for elite on the nourishment arrangement line (required for request exactness, speed, and customization), but on the other hand are useful for social event significant client data about necessities, desires, and fulfillment (as post exchange criticism). Through the Plan-Do-Study-Act improvement cycle they lead little scope pilot endeavors to assess and improve their procedures for tuning in to and gaining from clients and their capacity to comprehend changing client needs and purchasing propensities. Moreover, they quantify and assess the general adequacy of their client tuning in and learning approaches by checking the legitimacy of their statistical surveying, client overviews, and results against operational information, industry patterns, and contender data. They additionally assess how they are getting along against their client centered vital destinations by benchmarking their Key Business Drivers against contenders. Additionally, Pals staff individuals (from hourly laborer to senior pioneer) have constant learning imbued into their fundamental way to deal with performing work. They take an interest routinely on progress and learning groups where conceptualizing and accord building meetings empower them to distinguish issues or open doors for enhancements, break down procedures, and suggest arrangements. This experience constructs singular certainty, gives abilities in critical thinking and nonstop learning, and rouses workers to create and use their maximum capacity. Esteeming Employees and Partners Buddies plans to give the speediest, most amicable, most exact help accessible. Accomplishing this goal is a genuine test in an industry with yearly worker turnover paces of in excess of 200 percent. The companys accomplishment in lessening turnover among bleeding edge creation and administration faculty, who are between the ages of 16 and 32, has converted into an upper hand. The companys preparing forms bolster improvement in operational and business execution with the guide of benchmarking examines. Proprietor/administrators and colleague directors have essential duty regarding staff preparing. They utilize a four-advance model: appear, do it, assess, and perform once more. Representatives must show 100 percent capability before they are affirmed to work at a particular work station. Starting preparing for all representatives remembers escalated guidance for compelling listening aptitudes. What's more, in-store preparing on procedures, wellbeing and security, and authoritative Culture is required for new staff at all offices by means of PC based preparing, streak cards, and one-on-one instructing. Broadly educating is expected of all store-level staff to guarantee their total comprehension of all creation and administration methodology just as quality principles. Perceiving that a large portion of its bleeding edge laborers are first-time contestants into the work power, Pals the board trusts it has obligation to enable its laborers to create information and aptitudes that can be applied in future employments. This methodology, alongside serious wages and money related motivating forces, has made the café network an alluring work environment for secondary school and understudies. Buddies has utilized its notoriety by executing a measurably controlled, ability based employing framework that assists directors with distinguishing candidates with qualities related with successful occupation execution and consumer loyalty. In their workplace, where their staff meets the client up close and personal, they utilize compelling occupation plans and an adaptable work association to energize participation, coordinated effort, singular activity, duty, and advancement. The staff at every buddy office is sorted out into process. They likewise performed broad statistical surveying to pinpoint client prerequisites: comfort; simplicity of entrance and departure; simple to-understand menu; basic, exact request framework; quick assistance; healthy nourishment; and sensible cost. This information has been utilized to interpret their key client necessities into Key Business Drivers. Client prerequisites are connected to plainly characterize operational procedures, strategies, and frameworks that are persistently checked to guarantee that they are meeting client necessities. They keep up on-going correspondences connects to their clients with the goal that they can tune in to how well they think they are addressing their necessities. They additionally tune in to

Healthcare Legislation - AB-2122 Bill On Child Lead Screening - 1375 Words

Healthcare Legislation - AB-2122 Bill On Child Lead Screening In California (Essay Sample) Content: Healthcare Legislation - AB-2122 bill on Child Lead Screening Student’s Name: Course: Tutor: Institutional Affiliation Date: Healthcare Legislation - AB-2122 bill on Child Lead Screening Introduction There are many new health-related legislations that are currently undergoing through the legislative process in the California Legislature. In particular, there is a greater focus on issues such as public health, healthcare coverage, workers compensation issues and drug prescribing. Child lead poisoning is one of the perceived public health problems under the current proposed bills. The increasing concerns of lead poisoning among children has impelled a California lawmaker to introduce the AB-2122 bill, requiring all the state children to be screened for the toxic metal. The AB-2122 bill was introduced by an Assembly member, Reyes, requiring the Department of Health Care Services (DHCS) to make sure that all state’s children within the ages of 12 to 24 months and enrolled in Medi-Cal, receive blood lead screening. The bill also requires screening test for children aged between 2 and 6 years who have no previous record of blood lead screening (California Legislative Information , 2018). Currently, the only children who are tested for lead poisoning are those within supplemental nutrition program, children who spend most of their time in buildings built before 1978, as well as those in government assisted programs such as WIC and Medi-Cal (Ibarra, A. B., 2017). As a result, many children who may be at a higher risk of exposure are left untested for lead poisoning. Current regulations in California have fallen short in the legal obligation of testing children who are at the highest risk of exposure. Overview of the Health Problem is an exceedingly potent neurotoxin that can permanently damage a child’s brain. According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC), even small amounts of lead in children can result to physical and mental disorders such as attention deficit, delayed body growth, behavioral disorders, cognitive disorders, as well as brain damage. The long-term effects of exposure to lead include hearing disabilities, learning problems, hyperactivity, delayed puberty as well as lifelong developmental and health problems. (Sara B et al., 2018). Bill Quirk authored the AB-2122 bill on child blood lead screening citing examples of the contaminated water supply in Mich., Flint as well as the hazardous lead levels of the soils in Vernon city following the emissions of a battery recycling plant (Ibarra, A. B., 2017). Lead is leading environmental threat to the health of children and can be found in soil, paint, dust and water. While the use of lead in paint and gasoline was banned by the state and fed eral states in the 1970, older infrastructures still have lead pipes or paints which continue to pose threats to children. Considering the ages of some infrastructures in California, the risks of exposure to lead are ubiquitous (Ibarra, A. B., 2017). Testing blood levels is essential in identifying the children who are highly exposed as well as the environments and neighborhoods with the highest exposure to lead. In addition, identifying the children with high blood lead levels allows the commencement of treatment. Lead poisoning is a threat to all children irrespective of their socioeconomic status, although children from low income families are likely to be exposed to lead by living in older houses with lead paint and other exposures. The long-term consequences of exposure to lead does not only affect children but affects the entire communities (Sara B et al., 2018). In California, child lead poisoning is defined as a child with an elevated lead level of a minimum of 14.5 micrograms per deciliter of blood, or a child who after two consecutive test, has an elevated lead level of a minimum of 9.5 micrograms per deciliter (Little, S., 2018). According to a 2012 data by the Department of Public health, it was found that 13000 out of the 650,402 children tested for lead had lead levels above the recommended thresholds (Ibarra, A. B., 2017). According to a new analysis of the state records by the Environmental Working Group (EWG), in each fiscal year between 2012 and 2016, approximately 529,000 (75%) of California children signed up for the Medi-Cal program did not receive the required blood lead test (Little, S., 2017). The Medi-Cal is a government assisted insurance program for low income families. Studies have shown that children who are enrolled in the Medi-Cal have a seven times higher risk of lead poisoning compared to the children from high-inco me backgrounds. According to the California Department of Public Health, among the children enrolled in the Medi-Cal, 88% have lead poisoning (Little, S., 2018). Severity of the Health Problem The blood lead testing for all children enrolled in Medi-Cal was mandated by the state in 1991 after a lawsuit filed by environmental and child health advocates against the state due to its failure to ensure lead testing for Medi-Cal-insured children (Little, S., 2017). The state regulations mandated for the blood lead testing for all children enrolled in all public assistance programs including Medi-Cal at the age of 12 and 24 months and implementations of interventions to prevent further lead exposure. The regulations expanded this requirement to children who lived in recently remodeled and poorly maintained old buildings built before 1978. The state also required the testing of children exposed to various sources of lead such as contaminated soil, toys, candy as well as when the parents request their child to be tested (Little, S., 2017). The Department of Public Health (DPH) was given the ultimate regulatory authority to implement the child lead poisoning guidelines. However, the state and most of its counties have not succeeded in implementing this mandate for several years. Although the DPH has the ultimate obligation to ensure lead testing, the responsibilities are shared by the counties which implement their own child lead poisoning prevention programs. According to the state auditor in 1999, the DPH had failed in ensuring that all at-risk are tested for lead poisoning as well as the extent in which lead poisoning was problematic to the state. A 2000 study by the Environ...

St. Johns University Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores

Located in the Queen borough of New York City, St. Johns University is a private Catholic institution with an acceptance rate of 73%. The school was founded by the Vincentian Community in 1870. The university has a diverse student population, and among undergraduates, many of the pre-professional programs are quite popular (business, education, pre-law). St. Johns has branch campuses in Staten Island, Manhattan, Oakdale, Rome (Italy), and a new campus in Paris, France. In athletics, the St. Johns Red Storm competes in the NCAA Division I  Big East Conference. Acceptance Rate For students who entered St. Johns University in the 2018-19 academic year, the school had an acceptance rate of 73%. This tells us that for every 100 students who applied, 27 receive rejection letters. Admitted students do tend to be strong academically, and the university has a selective admissions process. Admissions Statistics (2018-19) Number of Applicants 27,276 Percent Admitted 73% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 16% SAT Scores and Requirements St. Johns University in New York has test-optional admissions for most applicants, so if your SAT scores arent going to impress anyone, you dont need to submit them. There are some exceptions to this rule as outlined below. The SAT is more popular than the ACT at St. Johns, and for students who entered the school in the 2018-19 academic year, 76% chose to submit SAT scores. St. John's University SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 540 630 Math 530 640 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing When we look at national SAT score data, we can see that the great majority of St. Johns University students scored among the top half of all test-takers. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to St. Johns scored between a 540 and a 630. This tells us that the bottom 25% of students scored a 540 or lower, and the upper quartile scored a 630 or higher. Math scores were similar. The middle 50% scored between a 530 and 640. This means 25% scored a 530 or lower while another 25% scored a 640 or higher. A combined score of 1270 will be highly competitive and rank in the top 25% of all applicants. Requirements St. Johns University in New York does not require any students to take the optional SAT essay exam, nor does the school require subject tests. The university will superscore the exam if you took it more than once. Note that while the university is test-optional, students who want to qualify for a full-tuition scholarship will need to submit either SAT or ACT scores, as will students applying to certain academic programs including computer science, philosophy, and mathematics. ACT Scores and Requirements Most students who apply to St. Johns University in New York are not required to submit SAT or ACT scores. Of those who do, the ACT is not very popular. For students who entered the university in the 2018-19 academic year, only 13% chose to submit ACT scores. St. John's University ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 22 30 Math 21 27 Composite 23 29 These numbers tell us that 50% of St. Johns University students had a composite ACT score between 23 and 29. 25% of students scored a 23 or lower, and at the upper end, 24% scored a 29 or higher. When we compare these numbers to national ACT data, we can see that most St. Johns students fall within the top third of all test-takers. Requirements St. Johns University in New York does not require the optional ACT writing section, nor does the school require SAT subject tests. Most students dont need to submit scores at all because of the universitys test-optional policy, but keep in mind that scores are required for home-schooled students, student athletes, international applicants, and any student who wants to be considered for the full-tuition Presidential Scholarship. Youll also find that a few programs at St. Johns have additional application requirements including the submission of test scores. GPA Grades will be the most important part of your university application. For students who entered the university in the 2017-18 academic year, the average high school GPA was a 3.50. 26% of students had a GPA of 3.75 or higher, and over 80% of students had a GPA of 3.0 or better. When it comes to class rank, 26% of all students were in the top 10% of their high school graduating class. Graph of Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Data Graph of Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Data for St. Johns University Applicants. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to St. Johns University in New York. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances To get in to St. Johns University, youre going to need solid high school grades, and above average standardized test scores can also help your application (the university is now test-optional, so SAT and ACT scores are not required). A significant portion of admitted students had averages up in the A range. Keep in mind that grades and standardized test scores arent the only factors considered for admission to St. Johns University. This explains why theres some overlap between the rejected and accepted students in the center of the graph. Some students who are potentially on target for admission to St. Johns do not get in, while others who are a bit below the norm are admitted. The universitys application also includes information on your extracurricular activities, a list of honors, and a  personal essay of 650 words or fewer. Whether you use the Common Application or the St. Johns Application, the essay is not required, but it is recommended. Applicants with marginal grades and/or test scores would be wise to write an essay—it helps the admissions staff get to know you better, and it gives you an opportunity to tell them something about yourself that my not be obvious from other parts of your application. For students who choose not to submit SAT or ACT scores, the essay is even more important for helping demonstrate your interests, passions, and college readiness. Data Sources: Graph courtesy of Cappex; all other data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the St. Johns University admissions website.

The Validity Of Adult Adhd - 1917 Words

Running Head: THE VALIDITY OF ADULT ADHD DISORDER Adult ADHD and the validity of first diagnosis occurring in adulthood: A critical review of ADHD no longer just a developmental disorder present in childhood. Tania Guy S3885929 APP3026 Clinical Aspects of Psychology Semester 2, 2016 Victoria University, St Albans Campus The validity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) occurring for the first time within adulthood has been in recent years heavily debated. ADHD is a serious, oftentimes depleting developmental brain disorder, predominating in young children and adolescents (Muller Asherson, 2012; Karam, et al., 2009; Hesslinger, et al., 2003; Taylor, et al., 2011; Tannock, 2013; Faraone, et al., 2006). ADHD is defined as a persistent pattern of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity that is more regularly exhibited and more severe than observed in individuals of an equivalent developmental level (Faraone, et al., 2000; Muller Asherson, 2012). Symptoms comprise of forgetfulness, lack of attention, physical restlessness, impulsivity, disorganised and hyperactive behaviour (Muller Asherson, 2012; Hesslinger, et al., 2003). DSM-IV diagnostic criteria requirement is symptoms must have presented prior to seven years of age, six or more symptoms of inattention and six or more hyperactivi ty-impulsivity be present, and there be impairment within social, work and academic (Faraone, et al., 2000; Hesslinger, et al., 2003; Taylor, et al., 2011;Show MoreRelatedThe Current Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders1315 Words   |  6 PagesThe current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), now in its 5th edition, defines attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as persistent cycles of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that inhibit an individual’s ability to function or interferes with their development (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Inattention is said to manifest though behaviours such as wandering off and difficulty in maintaining focus. Hyperactivity on the other hand, manifestsRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) A Real Disorder?1001 Words   |  5 PagesIs Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) a Real Disorder? The topic discussed is regarding ADD/ADHD, Attention Deficit Disorder or Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder, and whether it is a true mental health disorder. ADD/ADHD has been a more recent diagnosis, used mostly in children, describing symptoms of learning disabilities or the inability to focus on tasks. The first article presented is an informational article discussing the potential causes of the disorder. Also consideredRead MoreThe Effect Of Coordination Exercise On Improving Some Locomotor And Physical Abilities And Ease Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder1611 Words   |  7 Pageshandicapped learnable children Dr. / Eslam Mohamed Mahmoud Salim(*) †¢ Abstract: This research aimed at identify the effect of coordination exercise on improving some locomotor and physical abilities and ease attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) within handicapped learnable children between (9 and 12) years, with mental age between (8 and 10) years, and IQ score between (55 and 75) marks. Experimental methodology used. Main study sample selected intentionally and consisted of (24) mentallyRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )960 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract This paper will focus on what is commonly known as Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a complex disorder that can affect people of any age, gender or ethnicity. This disorder impacts so many people that new studies are being done quite frequently. Because of this, it can be very difficult for mental health professionals to remain current with the most recent findings and know how best to respond to patient’s questions and apprehensions regarding the disorder and subsequentRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1219 Words   |  5 PagesDisorder (ADHD). There are some, including the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), who are adamant in the fact that ADHD is a true illness, however there are other outside sources who argue there is not enough credible evidence to define ADHD as a mental disorder. This very argument has fueled psychologists to put their full efforts into finding greater evidence to either prove or disprove the pr evalence of ADHD. Overall, there are both arguments for and against the idea of ADHD, as well asRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder912 Words   |  4 PagesDeficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, or commonly known as ADHD, as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, is an illness that causes inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. A conservative 4.4 million children in the United States have been diagnosed with ADHD, with about 2.5 million children are prescribed a psychostimulant to help combat the symptoms that coincide with the disorder. While it is debated if ADHD is truly even a real mental disorder, the prescriptionRead MoreEssay On Adhd816 Words   |  4 Pagesbankruptcy. So you can see that the progression of ADHD and its life impairments change as the age of the patient changes. In childhood we focus on academic and social outcomes. In adolescence, were looking at substance abuse and pregnancy, impulsive criminal behavior, and driving outcomes. In the adult, we look at unstable employment history, financial difficulties, and disrupted if not terminated marriages.† Goodman urges any individuals who may have ADHD to go get seen by a professional who can determineRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On Children s Behavior997 Words   |  4 Pages Another popular ideology, which has contributed a profound portion towards this issue, ultimately holds that sugar and artificial sweeteners contribute to ADHD. Throughout the decades, many parents have suggested that sugar, as well as other sweeteners; have major effects on their children’s behavior. Hyperactivity in children, which was also stated to impact their attentiveness, seemed to be the main con cern among parents regarding their children’s acute consumption of high levels of sugars orRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1278 Words   |  6 Pagesfunctions differently. They may have what’s called ADHD. ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM IV) states that â€Å"the essential feature of ADHD is a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that is more frequent and serve than is typically observed in individuals at a comparable level of development† (p.78). There are three subtypes of ADHD: Predominantly hyperactive- impulsive, predominantlyRead MoreSymptoms And Diagnosis Of Adhd920 Words   |  4 PagesADHD is one of the most studied psychiatric disorder, and one of the most common cognitive disorders, yet there are still concerns and questions about the validity of ADHD diagnosis. The truth is, there is no one simple test for ADHD. To be diagnosed with this disorder, a person must meet criteria described in DSM 5. How do we know if a person met the criteria? Well, it is simple, the clinical picture is drawn by patients’ (or parents’, teachers’) subjective description of symptoms. Yes, the diagnosis

Plastic Bag Tax free essay sample

Plastic bag tax: To reuse bags or to refuse tax? Statistics reveals that 800,000 tons of plastic bags are used yearly in the European Union. In 2010, the average citizen used 191 of them but only 6% were recycled; yet, more than 4 billion bags are thrown away each year (Summers, 2012). However, some countries have banned using plastic bags completely; others, such as China and South Africa, banned only ultra-thin plastic bags, while in number of countries, a tax has been imposed. Plastic bags are commonly dumped everywhere; they could be found on parks, over trees, on beaches. They require great efforts to be collected and controlled, and that is one reason behind the ban ordinance in many places. In Ireland’s case, a tax of 15-euro cent on using plastic bags has been enacted in 2002. This successfully contributed to decrease the use of this kind of bags by 95%, and therefore, led to less litter in the surroundings and saved the energy used to recycle (Summers, 2012). We will write a custom essay sample on Plastic Bag Tax or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to the WordWatch Institute, in Washington D. C. , a five-cent tax per plastic bag brought the percentage of residents’ monthly use of plastic bags down from 22. 5 million, before the levy was introduced in 2010, to 3 million today. This small amount of tax would have a significant result in saving the environment if it is considered by the governments as an option to reduce pollution. The Oregon Legislative Assembly should enact a five-cent tax on plastic bags for many reasons. First, these bags have a negative impact on the environment; secondly, by enacting this levy the plastic-bag industry would be enticed to produce new products that don’t harm living things; and finally, this levy would increase the environmental awareness among the people and encourage them to rethink about their daily habits. The impact of plastic bags on the environment is very damaging. As already mentioned, plastic bags are discarded everywhere not only in landfills, which make it very difficult to control the damage. Even when people are environmentally aware enough in dumping their bags, plastic bags can be easily carried by wind to places that can hardly be reached, therefore, it is difficult to dispose them. Furthermore, hundred of plastic bags eventually end up in oceans and rivers and kill off the marine life. Actually plastic bags are non-biodegradable and last for years. Instead, these products are broken down to smaller pieces by some environmental factors and then carried away by winds and water, and therefore spread everywhere, hence, cause more damage and expand the problem. According to Samantha Fanshawe, the UK Marine Conservation Society’s director of conservation, scientists have found plastic bags in numbers of dead turtles’ and whales’ stomachs (Williams, 2004). Many species in water are vulnerable to swallow floating plastic bags, even the most intelligent ones. These animals swim with their mouths open, which make them always at risk to suck up this plastic plankton. The tax or ban on plastic bags might force the plastic bags manufacturers to innovate a new product that more friendly to environment. If plastic bags are banned, there will be definitely an economic impact on the production. Beacon Hill Institute at Suffolk University in Boston has reported that as the Oregonians pay a tax on plastic bags, the plastic industry will undergo a decline in sales; therefore, it will lead to a decline in employment (Wynn, 2011). On one hand, the use of plastic bags would decrease when a tax on consumers is applied; accordingly, the plastic bags production would decline; so, if the manufacturers want to revive their business, they should take an action. One solution might be coming up with a new product that satisfies the shoppers and the policy makers while at the same time doesn’t harm the environment. On the other hand, manufacturers would carefully consider more natural resources if they want to keep their business prosperous, avoiding any potential ordinance in favor of environmental protection. Another important reason why a tax should be imposed on plastic bags is that it will positively increase the Oregonians’ environmental awareness to some extent. Edward Russo (2013), a writer for The Register-Guard, writes that some stores in Eugene have already discontinued offering plastic bags for the shoppers; as a result, the customers have started to reuse the bags or use alternative made out of fabric or paper. Generally, people will cooperate with official ordinances and regulation; they may also do some research to find out why such ordinance has been enacted. Consumers may have never concerned about the environment but imposing a tax on plastic bags could be an alarm for them and in this way they figure out the huge destruction of these products. Likewise, the consumers may also reconsider new habits in their life and get rid of other bad ones; they may rethink more about their behaviors and how harm it has effected the surroundings. Residents will carry along their bags with them when go shopping, and they will tend to use alternative bags such the ones that made out of paper or cloth. Garbage bags also can be used more than once in order to reduce the waste. Some opponents of a plastic bag tax argue that the tax on plastic bags will be financially a burden on them. The Coalition to Stop the Seattle Bag Tax, which was formed after a tax on Styrofoam container was imposed by the city council in 2009, has claimed that â€Å"a 20-cent tax per bag would cost consumers $300 each year†(O’Carroll, 2008). Though, the WorldWatch Institute states that the average weekly use of plastic bags is less than this number (O’Carroll, 2008). However, in many cases, the government uses this tax to clean up the polluted places in the region. For example, the Washington D. C. government used the tax to clean up the Anacostia River that is severely polluted by trash (Worldwatch, n. d). Subsequently, when people pay off this modest tax, they indeed participate in preserving the environment and supporting projects, which have been published to curb the pollution that basically caused by people; therefore, they contribute to the public good. An Oregonian plastic bag tax is a good way to limit the environment pollution. It will not only help to decrease the amount of plastic bags disposed, but will increase the residents’ awareness as well as the governments’ income. We should never let single-use plastic bags to pollute the planet for ages. A serious step toward banning plastic bags in Oregon should be taken. Actually, governments and consumers should work hand in hand to stop pollution and save energy; to save the human being and marine animals; to protect the air and water; it is the least people can do considering this mess they have produced. References O’carrol, E. (2015, September 15). Industry group fighting Seattle plastic-bag tax: American Chemistry Council spent $180,625 in August fighting a 20-cent fee on paper and plastic shopping bags. The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved from http://www. csmonitor. com/Environment/BrightGreen/2008/0915/industry-group-fghting-seattle-plastic-bag-tax Summers, C. (2012, March 18). What should be done about plastic bags. BBC News Magazine. Retrieved from http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/magazine-17027990 Russo, E. (2013, February 27). Time to bag it: Within weeks Eugene shoppers must give up their plastic

Web Site Development Essay Example For Students

Web Site Development Essay I propose to develop a web site for anyone in the sunglass, contact lens,colored contact lens or laser vision correction market. The most importantfeatures included in this site must be: savings, convenience and top qualityproducts. It is necessary to tie all aspects of the site together smoothly. Bythis I mean the shopper must have the ability to purchase at any point In thesite, as well as the ability to get anywhere from anywhere. We must outline ouravailable products and services in such a way as to make it a No Brainerfor anyone. Our available products must be outlined from the onset. If vendorsneed to be contacted to develop a wholesale relationship then this must be takencare of as soon as possible. We will write a custom essay on Web Site Development specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We must assess which products will maximize ourprofit, which will maximize our marketability and which are just of necessity tocarry. We must develop a database of products and maintain prices, additions andsubtractions accordingly. One service I had in mind was to develop a freeservice for anyone interested in laser vision correction. We can develop anapplication where the patient inputs his/her doctors written Rx or theircontact lens box/bottle prescription, and we can take this information anddevelop a sort of internet merge letter. By this I mean, we can send them anemail response as to their current eye condition, the best suited surgicalprocedure for their condition, history of others w/ their Rx resultsand maybe even doctors in their area. I understand this might take away from thepromotion of INSIGHT, but remember, anything free ? keeps em coming back!!This will more marketing tool to draw people in, rather than a service. Also,some production company or another could be contracted out to develop videoswhich we could sell to candidates, doctors, surgeons, etc.. . Dr. Sopher coulddevelop a video directed to practicing optometrists interested in salestechniques in the examination room.

The Cobb-Douglas Production Function

The Cobb-Douglas Production Function In economics, a production function is an equation that describes the relationship between input and output, or what goes into making a certain product, and a Cobb-Douglas production function is a specific standard equation that is applied to describe how much output two or more inputs into a production process make, with capital and labor being the typical inputs described. Developed by economist Paul Douglas and mathematician Charles Cobb, Cobb-Douglas production functions are commonly used in both macroeconomics and microeconomics models because they have a number of convenient and realistic properties. The equation for the Cobb-Douglas production formula, wherein K represents capital, L represents labor input and a, b, and c represent non-negative constants, is as follows: f(K,L) bKaLc If ac1 this  production function  has constant returns to scale, and it would thus be considered linearly homogeneous. As this is a standard case, one often writes (1-a) in place of c. Its also important to note that technically a Cobb-Douglas production function could have more than two inputs, and the functional form, in this case, is analogous to what is shown above. The Elements of Cobb-Douglas: Capital and Labor When Douglas and Cobb were conducting research on mathematics and economies from 1927 to 1947, they observed sparse statistical data sets from that time period and came to a conclusion about economies in developed countries around the world: there was a direct correlation between capital and labor and the real value of all goods produced within a timeframe. Its important to understand how capital and labor are defined in these terms, as the assumption by Douglas and Cobb make sense in the context of economic theory and rhetoric. Here, capital indicates the real value of all machinery, parts, equipment, facilities, and buildings while labor accounts for the total number of hours worked within a timeframe by employees. Basically, this theory then posits that the value of the machinery and the number of person-hours worked directly relate to the gross output of production. Although this concept is reasonably sound on the surface, there were a number of criticisms Cobb-Douglas production functions received when first published in 1947. The Importance of Cobb-Douglas Production Functions Fortunately, most early criticism of the Cobb-Douglas functions was based on their methodology of research into the matter- essentially economists argued that the pair did not have enough statistical evidence to observe at the time as it related to true production business capital, labor hours worked, or complete total production outputs at the time. With the introduction of this unifying theory on national economies, Cobb and Douglas shifted the global discourse at it related to micro- and macroeconomic perspective. Furthermore, the theory stood true after 20 years of research when the 1947 United States Census data came out and the Cobb-Douglas model was applied to its data. Since then, a number of other similar aggregate and economy-wide theories, functions, and formulas have been developed to ease the process of statistical correlation; the Cobb-Douglas production functions are still used in analyses of economies of modern, developed, and stable nations around the world.

Customer Service Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Customer Service - Personal Statement Example Kimberley Palmer’s article about US News’ interview with Jon Yates may help understand the point of view of the customer when they call about a problem. Customers call the customer service department because they have a problem. They cannot do something themselves and they need help. That’s the main responsibility of the customer service representative, to provide assistance to the customer. Sometimes these callers may be angry or frustrated, sometimes they are soft-spoken but that doesn’t mean they are disappointed with the service they are getting. By reading the article of Palmer, customer service departments would understand better what customers wants the most: and that is simply to be heard and understood. Sometimes there are situations wherein customer service representatives cannot help them because of company policies, or sometimes the bug was just recently discovered and the company is just in the process of fixing it. Customer service representa tives may not always have the solutions to all their problems. And there are customers who accept that, given that they were able to feel that the representative was able to understand their need and made an effort to help them in any possible way they can. The article shows how important the role of a customer service representative is. He is the frontliner of the company. ... Also, the more customers want to reach the top of the corporate ladder just to complain about a scratch on their ordered phone, the more the customer service department and quality assurance department looks bad. Why? Because this means that they weren’t able to give the customer their needs. For the quality assurance department, that is to ensure that the products are of high quality and for the customer service department, that is to ensure that an exchange or refund will be given to the customer. If the customer calls the customer service department then goes directly to the CEO, that means they had a bad customer service experience. This means they didn’t get the customer service that the company is required to give their customers. The article is an eye-opener to the customer service department. It is important that they think about the customer’s welfare. If the customer service department is able to give the service that the customer needs, then there wonà ¢â‚¬â„¢t be any bad publicity or any threat to go elsewhere. As Yates advices that if you don’t get a good customer service representative then skip the customer call center and go straight to the top (Palmer, 2012). This advice just emphasizes the importance of good customer service representatives and their role in maintaining the good name and in keeping their customers. His advice to threaten to take a business elsewhere and follow through with it if the company does not respond also proves how important it is for customer service representatives to provide a good service to customers (Palmer, 2012). If the customer service representative fails to answer to the customer’s call or fail to explain to the customer why certain situations cannot be helped or fail to help the customer altogether,

A short paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A short paper - Essay Example The French were the first Europeans to settle in what later became the Canadian province of Quebec and to appease the population after their humiliating defeat by the British in the 1700s, they were granted certain rights including the retention of their religion, judicial and educational systems. These rights were maintained when Canada moved from colonial status to an independent democracy in 1867. While there are pockets of French heritage settlements in the rest of Canada, most are in Quebec province where they constitute the majority of the population. Unfortunately the classical French educational system with its’ close ties to the Roman Catholic church and lack of business orientation, was ill equipped to prepare students for business management positions so that in the industrial revolution most were relegated to low skill work serving Anglophone managers imported from the rest of Canada and had few prospects for advancement. Naturally this situation created resentment which was expressed in the formation of a political party dedicated to separation from the rest of Canada and a more militant group (the FLQ) . When this group escalated their activities from blowing up mail boxes and other symbols of alleged Anglophone authority to the kidnap of a British diplomat and the murder of a Quebec cabinet minister, Canadian Prime Minister Trudeau stepped in with the army to prevent an armed insurrection. However, people of Quebec were allowed to vote twice in referendums to express their desire whether to separate or remain within Canada, with the pledge that the majority wish would be respected and if separation was chosen there would be no military action and negotiations would commence for an equitable division of the country’s assets and liabilities. While in both cases the majority voted to remain in Canada, one was very close. Trudeau, although a

Compare the relationship and characters Essay Example for Free

Compare the relationship and characters Essay As Winston continues to write his diary, he begins to write it as though it were for OBrien to read. Despite the fact that Winston has been having a relationship with a woman called Julia, he still feels the need to look toward OBrien for approval of his ideas. When OBrien invites him to his house, Winston begins to believe that in fact, OBrien is a conspirator against the Party. Winston visits OBrien and admits to being a thought criminal. OBrien tells Winston that The Brotherhood, a shadowy organisation run by Emmanuel Goldstein that is working against the Party, does indeed exist. OBrien is thorough and concise in his explanation. We see very subtle clues however, that OBrien could be leading Winston into a trap. He is unsurprised to hear Winston repeat the quote from his dream we shall meet again in the place where there is no darkness and repeats it himself as though it were repetition of a previously held conversation in the place where there is no darkness he said, as though he had recognised the allusion. (Page 185) He also says earlier we are the dead (Page 183). This was something Winston had said earlier in the book that OBrien couldnt have heard unless he had been spying on him. Despite this Winstons admiration grows for OBrien to almost worship. Again this reinforces Winstons weakness. Despite the fact that OBrien could easily be a member of the thought Police attempting to entrap him, he is quite willing to admit to being a thought criminal. Even though OBrien gave off a suggestion that he may have been spying on him, Winston suspicion is not aroused and in fact his admiration of OBrien is increased. OBrien seems to be everything Winston is not. Winston is neurotic, nervous and physically weak. He lacks the power to change the world he lives in and looks to others to take the initiative and lead him in his revolt against the system. OBrien is so calm, cool and collected. He gives off an air of inner strength and power this is accentuated by his strong physical form. Despite this he also has a softer, kindly side to his nature. He seems to have all the answers to Winstons questions and makes him feel safe When you looked at OBriens powerful shoulders and his blunt-featured face, so ugly yet so civilised, it was impossible to believe he could be defeated (Page 183). Winston shows all the classic signs of looking toward OBrien as a father figure. Later on after receiving the book from OBrien, a piece that Documents the true state of the world and how to bring down the party, Winston is captured by The Thought Police He is taken to the Ministry of Love There are no windows and the lights are constantly on. Suddenly the statement the place where there is no darkness comes into focus. What had seemed like a positive analogy with the Darkness alluding to the unpleasant world of 1984 is turned on its head. What was really meant was that the place where there is no darkness is actually a jail, where the lights are never turned off. Winston still has a blind faith in OBrien and futilely believes that OBrien may try and save him. However, OBrien and Winston are about to meet again, but their relationship is about to enter a new stage. When OBrien appears at the door of his cell, Winston even now deludes himself into thinking that OBrien has been captured. However he soon puts Winston straight indicating that he is Winstons incarcerator and telling him You knew this Winston and adds you have always known it (both Page 251). After a series of beating that degrade Winston to a state of almost complete humiliation, OBrien begins to interrogate him. OBrien begins by breaking him down with a series of torture techniques and drugs. In one instance, OBrien takes Winstons symbolic stance that Freedom is the Freedom to say 2 + 2 = 4 and through a series of Electrocutions makes Winston start to believe that 2 + 2 actually = 5. OBrien tells Winston that by controlling memory and records, that The Party can dictate reality who controls the past controls the future and who controls the future controls the past (Page 260). OBrien also tells Winston that they do not intend to punish him, but simply convert him to their ways of thought, before he is executed. OBrien has undoubtedly become Winstons tormentor, putting him through horrendous torture. He has broken Winston down and begins to undermine all of his free thinking ideas. OBrien and Winston move toward a Teacher/Pupil relationship. Like a promising student Winston questions OBriens beliefs, forcing him to justify them. Whilst OBrien almost sees Winston as a proti gi e, trying to show Winston the error of his ways He had the air of a Doctor, a Teacher, even a Priest, anxious to explain and persuade rather than punish. OBrien also displays an ability to read Winstons mind. It may be that he has a telepathic power, but it could also be the scientific approach that OBrien seems to take with everything he does. He is an expert in the subject of thought. I believe that he has studied Winston in immense detail over many years and can actually predict his thought patterns. OBrien has already thought out their conversations in his head and predicted Winstons responses. He is an experienced interrogator and probable member of the Thought Police. It is likely he is able to pick up from a persons expressions and body language what they may be thinking. I also think that the link between them may have seen OBrien take a special interest in Winston, maybe the same thought patterns had crossed OBriens mind at some stage in his life. Eventually Winston is almost completely cured. However, he retains his love of Julia. OBrien decides to expose him to his worst fear in Room 101. Winston wears a mask that allows rats to be released on his face. He has an immense fear of Rats and finally screams out for them to be released on Julia instead of him. Finally OBrien has reached through into his soul and Winston is truly defeated. The book ends with Winston drinking coffee in a bar where Traitors live out their days before execution. Winston has abandoned all his ideas of free thought and rebellion. He realises that rather than hating Big Brother, he actually loves Big Brother. OBrien and Winstons relationship goes through several stages. It starts with Winston seeing OBrien as a hope, somebody who might be having the same thoughts as him. Then he believes OBrien will be the freedom fighter who will put an end to the totalitarian state the world has become. Finally he becomes Winstons tormentor, inflicting pain on him in order to cure him of his disease. Through all this though OBrien and Winstons relationship maintains a theme. Winston looks up to OBrien as somebody with immense Power, who can protect him and control his destiny. Even during torture when OBrien is unseen Winston believes he is there, orchestrating the beatings and keeping him alive. He believes blindly throughout that OBrien is his saviour. In the end perhaps OBrien does become his saviour. Winston finally is released from the fear of Big Brother and detection for thought crime. He loves Big Brother and looks forward to his execution. In the end, despite the tragedy of his failure, Winston finally seems to be able to face his fate alone.

Crazy Horse :: Battle of the Little Big Horn

When I think back of the stories that I have heard about how the Native American Indians were driven from their land and forced to live on the reservations one particular event comes to my mind. That event is the Battle of the Little Big Horn. It is one of the few times that the Oglala Sioux made history with them being the ones who left the battlefield as winners. When stories are told, or when the media dares to tamper with history, it is usually the American Indians who are looked upon as the bad guys. They are portrayed as savages who spent their time raiding wagon trains and scalping the white settlers just for fun. The media has lead us to believe that the American government was forced to take the land from these savage Indians. We should put the blame where it belongs, on the U.S. Government who lied, cheated, and stole from the Oglala forcing Crazy Horse, the great war chief, and many other leaders to surrender their nation in order to save the lives of their people. In the nineteenth century the most dominant nation in the western plains was the Sioux Nation. This nation was divided into seven tribes: Oglala's, Brule', Minneconjou, Hunkpapa, No Bow, Two Kettle, and the Blackfoot. Of these tribes they had different band. The Hunkpatila was one band of the Oglala's (Guttmacher 12). One of the greatest war chiefs of all times came from this band. His name was Crazy Horse. Crazy Horse was not given this name, on his birth date in the fall of 1841. He was born of his father, Crazy Horse an Oglala holy man, and his mother a sister of a Brule' warrior, Spotted Tail. As the boy grew older his hair was wavy so his people gave him the nickname of Curly (Guttmacher 23). He was to go by Curly until the summer of 1858, after a battle with the Arapaho's. Curly's brave charged against the Arapaho's led his father to give Curly the name Crazy Horse. This was the name of his father and of many fathers before him (Guttmacher 47). In the 1850's, the country where the Sioux Nation lived, was being invaded by the white settlers. This was upsetting for many of the tribes. They did not understand the ways of the whites. When the whites tore into the land with plows and hunted the sacred buffalo just for the hides this

Organizational Structure and Process Design Essay

Introduction Maruti Udyog Limited is a subsidiary of Suzuki Motor Corporation, the largest manufacturer of mini passenger vehicles in Japan in terms of sales volumes. Suzuki was also the eleventh largest vehicle manufacturer in the world and the fourth largest manufacturer in Japan in terms of worldwide sales volumes in 2000. Maruti was ranked twentieth in terms of worldwide sales volumes amongst vehicle manufacturers, and has been the largest passenger car manufacturer in India. In fiscal 2002, it had the highest sales volumes of 339,964 cars and a market share of 58.6%. Maruti has a diverse product range that includes ten basic models with over 50 variants, of which nine models are manufactured locally and one is imported from Suzuki. A timeline showing the evolution of Maruti over the years is given in the appendix. Maruti?s manufacturing facility comprises three integrated plants (all located in the same premises) located at Gurgaon in the state of Haryana. The production facility capability at each plant is upgraded on an ongoing basis to improve productivity and quality. At present, it has an installed capacity of 350,000 vehicles per year, which is the highest among passenger car manufacturers in India and among all passenger car manufacturing facilities of Suzuki?s subsidiaries outside Japan. There are total 17 manufacturing shops and are capable of producing more than 50 variants of the nine basic models manufactured, with different specifications, within the same day. The production of a car occurs in the following stages: Press Shop, Weld Shop, Paint Shop, Assembly Shop, Machine Shop and Engine shops. Maruti has extensive sales and service network, the largest network of dealers and service centers amongst car manufacturers in India. As of March, 2003, they had 178 authorized dealers with 243 sales outlets in 161 cities. For service, they had 342 dealer workshops and 1,545 Maruti Authorized Service Stations, or MASSs, which covered 898 cities in India backed by Express Service Centers on 30 highways across the country. For the supply of raw materials, components and spare parts of their products, they have 299 vendors all over the country. Vendors located within  a radius of 100 km from their facility supply the majority of our components. As of March, 2003, Maruti had 4,590 employees, including 614 engineers, 84 MBA graduates and 24 chartered accountants. Methodology We chose to study Maruti as its takeover and integration with Suzuki as well as dramatic changes in its task environment presented an interesting period to understand. Also we had a person with more than six years of experience in Maruti in our group and we were able to leverage his contacts within Maruti to get the required information. We interacted with a member of Senior Management of Maruti at Delhi through e-mail. This gave us a broader picture of structure and strategy of Maruti. Then we interviewed the head of Regional office of Maruti at Bangalore which helped us understand the dynamics of its vendor, dealer relationships better. We also chatted with a MUL employee undergoing training at SMC Japan to get a fell of culture of Suzuki. Last but not the least we interacted with summer interns and ex-employees of Maruti at IIM Bangalore. All these formal and informal interactions helped us form a holistic view of the organization and we were better able to appreciate the systems and processes at Maruti. Organizational Structure Maruti has a Functional organizational structure with Horizontal Linkages. The activities are divided broadly based on following functions Finance, Marketing, Engineering, Sales, Spares, Production, Materials, Production Engineering, Parts Inspection, Quality Assurance, Maintenance, Human Recourse Development, Information Technology, New Business, Administration As, it is a very big organization, these are further divided into smaller divisions, based on various criteria (product, plant, location etc). There are total 29 divisions in Maruti, and are headed by one Divisional Head,  which is a Functional post. Then these Divisions are further divided into 132 Departments, which are headed by one Department Head, which again is a functional post. A smaller version of the organizational chart is shown below. The complete Organizational Chart is attached in the Excel file. Organizational Structure of Maruti Functionally, the structure of Maruti is very flat. The employees are divided in just six functional levels, namely Workers & Technicians, Supervisors, Executives, Section Managers, Department Manager, and Division Manager. Division Managers then report to Directors. However, hierarchically, these are divided into different levels, like, Technicians are divided in 7 levels (L-1 to L-7), Supervisors in 3 levels (L-8 to L-10), Executives and Managers in 4 levels (L-11 to L-14). Above this the Levels are designated as IDPM (Incharge Department Manager), DPM (Department Manager), DDVM (Deputy Division Manager), and DVM (Division Manager). The Section Manager, Department Manager and Division Manager are all Functional posts, which means anybody from levels L-11 to L-14 can be a Section Manager, an IDPM or a DPM can head a Department, and an DDVM or DVM can head a Division. Increasing importance of Boundary Spanning Units: With the increase in competition MUL has realized the importance of boundary spanning units. It requires its employees to pay frequent visits to showrooms of other car manufacturers to get information as to how they deal with their customers and what are the services offered by them. Once Puneet, our group member was asked to pay visit to a Hyundai showroom. He talked to the sales representative there and elicited as much information as he could. When Puneet was asked his telephone number he gave a fake number by changing the first and the last digit. Puneet was surprised when he received a call from the sales representative after two days (the person must have really tried different numbers). When asked about his decision,  Puneet told him that he has already bought a Maruti Zen. The sales representative congratulated Puneet for the new car and at the same time he asked what led Puneet to prefer Zen to Santro. During the entire conversation the representative was polite and enthusiastic. The amount of determination and dedication shown by this person was missing on part of the sales force of MUL and this was the feedback given by Puneet to his top-level managers. The increasing importance of Boundary spanning units can also be seen in the importance of department like Marketing and service. The head of Marketing and sales department reports directly to the MD whereas other departments like Finance and Production have to go through Joint Managing Directors. Horizontal Information Linkages 1.Information Systems Various Information Systems play a significant role in providing Horizontal Information Linkages. These Information Systems are well integrated and provide most of the information required by different departments. Most of these Information Systems were developed over time by the IT Department of Maruti. These Systems have evolved over time according to the changing information needs. The largest of such Information Systems is Production Management System, which provides the production related information to all the concerned departments. Some of the others are: Finance and payroll system, Marketing & sales systems, Spares Systems, Extranet with Dealers, Data warehousing and various MIS systems, Supply Chain Integration Initiatives (Extranets), Knowledge Management Portal, Vehicle tracking system etc. Apart from these Email, messaging and workflow systems also play an important role. 2.Direct Contact In some of the Departments, one person is designated as ?Coordinator? for different activities, which have a liaison role with other departments. An  example is the ?Quality Coordinator? in the Production Shop, who is a ?single window? for communication related to quality related issues. 3.Task Force In some specific short term tasks, various ?Cross Functional Teams? are formed taking people from all related departments to achieve the specific targets. Mostly they are used for Quality Improvement, Problem Solving, Cost Reduction, New product Development, New Product Trials related issues. Structural Dimensions 1.Formalization The automobile industry is a process driven industry. In Maruti also, the formalization is very high, all the operation procedures, standards, methods, instructions are written down formally. Apart from the ?Company-wide Procedures?, all Departments have their ?Department Procedures?. These Department Procedures define the scope of work for the department as well as the roles and responsibilities and work flows. These procedures are approved by the Division heads, and are available to all concerned (mostly in the form of electronic copy), and also available for other departments for reference. In production shops, the standard operating procedures are documented, and displayed on the work stations. They are called ?Maruti Operations Standards? or MOS. Similarly Maruti Engineering Standards (MES), Maruti Inspection Standards for Parts (MIS-P), Maruti Inspection Standards for Testing (MIS-T) etc are also available. Changes in all these documents are recorded for the purpose of back-tracking purpose. 2.Specialization The functional structure and further division of labor makes high degree of specialization in Maruti. 3.Hierarchy The span of control becomes a very interesting dimension in Maruti because most of the posts are functional in nature. If we look at the Section Manager in some department, then there might be 4-8 people of different levels (L-1 to L-13) directly reporting to him without any level-wise hierarchy amongst themselves. Therefore, in some cases, people working at as high level as L-13 do not have a direct sub-ordinate to them. The span of control is generally in the order of 3~6 at the top management level, 4~8 at the middle management level, and 0-5 at lower management levels (other than production). In production departments, the span of control at lower management level goes up to 40~50, as those many workers and technicians directly report to a line supervisor/ shift in-charge. 4.Centralization The Centralization is very low in Maruti, as the decision making authority is quite de-centralized and distributed across all levels. 5.Professionalism Maruti can be rated high on the Professionalism dimension, as most of the jobs require technical skills, and in some specific areas like Design and R&D, special training at Suzuki is also required. This is also evident from the fact that around 1900 employees of Maruti have been trained at facilities of Suzuki so far, and in the total work force, Maruti has around 80+ MBAs, 600+ Graduate Engineers, 200+ Diploma Engineers, and all the workers and technicians require minimum qualification of ITI. Use of Project based Teams In view of increasing competition in the automotive sector Maruti has tried  to use a project based structure to tackle specific problems effectively. Around two years back in a meeting of middle and senior level executives it was decided to form teams which would focus on specific goals. Around thirty teams comprising or 8 ? 10 members were formed. These teams had specific mandates in terms of cost reduction, new product development and were given resources and authority in order to implement their projects. For example, one team worked on value analysis and value engineering for specific components for cost reduction. Another team worked on improving the JD Power ratings that Maruti secured for IQS (Initial Quality Service). These teams were working on a high priority and all departments were expected to co-operate. Also they reported to the JDM directly and this helped them to sort out any problems they encountered. The best performing teams were awarded handsomely. Culture Corporate culture of a company reflects the kind of relationships its employees have with each other and the kind of bonding they feel with the company?s ideal and values. It also reflects the kind of strategy a company follows. Maruti which initially started as a PSU even though in collaboration with an MNC like Suzuki had a bureaucratic culture. A near monopolistic hold on the market made for a free-wheeling work force unconcerned with competition and innovation. But ever since liberalization and privatization the culture of Maruti has undergone a sea change. A small example will suffice: The day of a Maruti Employee started with signing the attendance register and coming late by half an hour or an hour was not uncommon but now with electronic swipe card based attendance a one minute delay can cost you a day?s salary. Earlier many workers used to come and sign the attendance register and then sub-contract their work to a temporary labor at the rate of around Rs.50 per day as compared to amounts around Rs10000 per month paid to them. With assured employment there was little incentive to contribute towards the well-being of the company. Even MUL employees who used to have a training stint in Japan used to feel frustrated and alienated by the work culture in  MUL after finishing their training. A reflection of this culture was the worker strike which crippled Maruti in 2001. After recovering from the strike Maruti had a perceptible change in culture. A VRS scheme introduced soon afterwards increased the sense of insecurity amongst employees, but it was all for a good cause. A hiked component of variable pay further brought company and employee interests in sync. An interesting ritual of starting the day with a two minute exercise on Japanese music was introduced. Also they have a common uniform and common canteen since the very beginning. So you can really walk into the company canteen and eat with the MD Jagdish Khattar. Now MUL has more of a mission culture with a clear mandate to maintain its market share and act as a small car sourcing hub for Suzuki. A look at company?s vision statement makes an interesting study. The company?s vision is to be the leader in the Indian automobile industry, creating customer delight and shareholders wealth, a pride of India. After its acquisition by a Japanese company does its vision of being the pride of India? Whosoever said that globalization is not full of ethical dilemmas! Comparing the culture of Maruti to other companies in India it is most similar to Hyundai and Daewoo in India, companies which have East Asian origins. Lot of stress is laid on team work and treating the company as an extension of one?s family. Innovation is also encouraged an example being the constant innovations in terms of process improvements using quality circles in Maruti. Of late an overtime culture has also slowly made its way into Maruti with the promotions linked to 180 ° feedback and staying late being used as a tool to signal your dedication and hard work. At this point it will be interesting to compare and contrast the culture and practices at Maruti and its Japanese parent Suzuki Motor Corporation of Japan. Organizational Structure and Work Culture at SMC, Japan A brief description of the Organizational Structure of Suzuki Motor Corporation Japan is given in the form of a block diagram below. SMC is headed by a chairman. The company consists of 8 divisions. These are further divided into subdivisions and departments. Organizational Structure of SMC, Japan is hsown in the appendix. Differences between Work Culture at Suzuki Motor Corporation Ltd. and Maruti Udyog Ltd. We interviewed A.B.Sinha, who is Deputy Manager (Engineering) at MUL and has been training for the last two years at Suzuki, Japan. During the course of this interview we discovered several interesting differences in the work culture between MUL and SMC. ?Employment at SMC tends to be a lifelong commitment. This means that neither the company lays off its workers nor the employee leaves the company for employment elsewhere. Hence any new employee joining the company is an important occasion and is celebrated in a series of ceremonial parties. ?The company trusts its employees to a greater extent and the employees in turn respond by being totally devoted to the company. There is no system of monitoring attendance through I cards and no system of punishments. The employees do not use the official telephone for personal calls. Also, there is less conflict and more team spirit. All assignments are given to teams. If one employee is not able to work then the others in his team try to help him. ?There is a strict hierarchy within the organization and the promotions are based on seniority. A Shinjun (entry level) takes 8 years to become a Kakaricho (asst. manager) and 8-10 years after that to become a Kacho (Manager). There is very little rotation between departments. ?There is a higher degree of precision in the planning. Jobs are allocated on an hourly basis. Meetings are short and focused. All employees record their movements on a board so that they can be easily tracked. ?Official timings are from 8:45 AM to 5:30 PM. However, most employees work from 8:45 to 7:00 PM on Wednesdays and from 8:45 AM to 10:00 PM on other days. The number of working days in a year is only 240. Power and Politics In MUL the control and power is mostly in the hands of management. During the workers strike in 2000 the management refused to agree to the workers demands. The officers ran the plant by supervising the operations of the plant and hiring contractual labour. This made it difficult for workers to sustain the strike. They had to call off the strike and were in fact forced them to agree to some changes laid down by the management. The power of Japanese has always been there in an implicit manner. The Japanese have acted as conflict resolvers whenever there have been any conflicts within or between departments. Many times the departments play politics wit other departments by trying to use the referent power available due to closeness with Japanese management. With the increase in stake of Suzuki Motor Corp. the legitimate power of the Japanese management has further increased. Strategic Profile A strategy is a plan for interacting with the competitive environment to achieve organizational goals. Organizations have goals that define where it wants to go and strategies define how it will get there. Strategy is usually one or more competitive actions. It involves choosing whether the organization will perform different activities than its competitors or will execute similar activities more efficiently than its competitors do. The strategic profile of Maruti can be described using the following models: 1.Porter?s competitive strategies: MUL introduced ‘Maruti 800’ in 1983 providing a complete facelift to the Indian car industry. The car was launched as a â€Å"People?s car† with a price tag of Rs40, 000. This changed the  industry’s profile dramatically. Maruti 800 was well accepted by middle-income families in the country and its sales increased from 1,200 units in FY84 to more than 200,000 units in FY99. Since then, MUL specialized in low-cost leadership. However its focus was not limited to small cars. MUL extended its product range to include vans, multi-utility vehicles (MUVs) and mid-sized cars. Hence it has low-cost leadership with a broad focus according to the framework of porter?s competitive strategy. 2.Miles & Snow?s strategy typology: This framework is based on the idea that managers seek to formulate strategies that will be congruent with the external environment. Organizations strive for a fit among internal organization characteristics, strategy and the external environment. This framework describes four strategies ? the prospector, the defender, the analyzer and the reactor. Maruti has always maintained stable products with minor innovations aimed improving the utility of products. In 1983, it saw opportunities and innovated by launching Maruti 800. It introduced cars in other segments like mid-car and multi-utility segments. Since then, it maintained stable business for all its brands. Therefore Maruti can be called ?analyzer?, which is a combination of prospector and defender. Inter Organizational Relationships Inter organizational relationships are the relatively enduring resource transactions, flows and linkages that occur among two or more organizations. In today?s business environment it is extremely difficult for a firm to do business on its own. Inter organizational relationships play a major part in the success of a firm. Maruti and Government of India The Government of India has been a shareholder in Maruti Udyog Ltd. from the beginning. Till a few years ago the Government had a majority stake in Maruti which was reduced recently. At present its share in Maruti is 18.28%. The relationship between Maruti and government has always involved a third player, the Suzuki Motor Corp. Government has never been involved in day to day working of Maruti. But it had been involved in the strategic decisions in the past. For example introducing new models of cars required the prior approval of Project Approval Board which is under the Ministry of Industry. In 1998 the Government signed a contract with SMC under which the appointment of Chairmen and Managing Directors would be made only after mutual consultation. This was a result of a bitter quarrel between Government and SMC regarding management succession. InterOrganizational Relationships of Maruti With a decrease in shareholding the direct involvement of government in Maruti has reduced. But there are many other ways in which the Government decisions affect Maruti. Any changes in the Pollution Emission norms made by the Government have a direct impact on Maruti. Similarly other policies of the government may have a direct or indirect impact on Maruti. Maruti and Other Auto Makers For a firm like Maruti the role of inter organizational relationships is extremely important. Fro the time of its inception Suzuki Motor Corporation (SMC) has been involved in the production part of the organization with all the designs being provided by SMC. SMC has recently become the parent company of Maruti with a 51% stake in Maruti. This has enabled Maruti to have even stronger ties with SMC. Also many Japanese managers are a part of Maruti?s Management team. These kinds of relationships help companies to tide over crises that may occur from time to time. To quote a recent example, Maruti Udyog Ltd has been under pressure to meet the high demand for diesel vehicles, particularly Zen and Esteem in India. To meet this demand Maruti has asked the parent company Suzuki Motor Corporation to find an immediate solution for supply of diesel engines. Following this, the Japanese company is  exploring the twin strategy of in-house production and procuring from other manufacturers like Fiat, Opel and Volkswagen. The above example illustrates how relationships can be built like a chain from one organization to another and so on. The companies which earlier used to adopt an Adversarial relationship have started developing Corroborative networks in order to survive in today?s business environment.

The Warped Memories Interesting Facts - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1574 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/03/13 Category Sociology Essay Level High school Tags: Childhood Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Remember Sleeping Beauty? Snow White, Cinderella, Rapunzel? Most of the worlds nostalgic memories of these childhood-favorites are lies. Everyone knows that ones memory can fail them sometimes. Humans are a forgetful species, constantly not remembering what they walked into the room for, or bickering with their friends over an event that happened not even a day ago because they swear it happened differently than how theyre being told. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Warped Memories Interesting Facts" essay for you Create order Well, if everyone knew the true background behind many innocent fairy tales, they wouldnt forget. Fairy tales have been around for thousands of years, no one knowing when exactly they started, being passed on both through verbal communication and by being written down. However, this classic literature tradition wasnt always intended for youth; it was actually a way for adults to document the hardships they have experienced or seen. Fairy tales have almost made a full circle in terms of the gore and horror thats included in these popular fables. Fairy tales have been around for as long as one remembers, right? In fact, no one knows exactly when they started, even with all of the knowledge weve gathered about this captivating, extensive topic. Until about 4,000 bce all literature was oral, but, beginning in the years between 4,000 and 3,000 bce, writing developed both in Egypt and in the Mesopotamian civilization (folk literature). Although humans initiated writing things down and documenting some important baggage around 4,000 bce, the study of fairy tales didnt begin until the early 19th century (folklore). However, historians discovered that people would write down their stories when theyre going through rough times. fairy tales originated in an age marked by wars, plague, and famine (Smith 105). The origin of fairy tales, just like human language, is probably impossible to find out (folk literature). The start of fairy tales still have people all over the world scratching their head. Because every culture has experienced fairy tales in their own way, miscommunication is common when trying to gather accurate information about a time frame from when and where these classic fables originated. Although humans may not know how fairy tales started, they do know how the popular stories were passed along. Using the knowledge already obtained through studies, analysts can conclude that fairy tales were passed along verbally for many, many years before the thought of writing a fable down ever came into anyones mind. It is often difficult to distinguish between tales of literary and oral origin, because folktales have received literary treatment from early times, and, conversely, literary tales have found their way back into the oral origin (fairy tales). As stated earlier, there are many ways to communicate stories to others. Simply speaking to each other and writing notes are fantastic examples of this. Although people know that fairy tales have been around long, long before their parents and grandparents, it still comes as a shock to some children when they find out their favorite stories werent made and intended for their eyes. Many people are baffled and surprised when they hear that fairy tales werent initially for children. Of course different authors try and appeal to different audiences, but originally, they were limited to adults. Fairy tales joined the canon of childrens literatureonly in the last two to three centuries (Dewan 27). Children have been overhearing their parents talk for probably their entire life; not always on purpose. They began as oral tales for all listeners, though mostly adults, passed down by word of mouth from one generation to the next. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Giovanni Francesco Straparola, Giambattista Basile, and Charles Perrault published some of the first collections of fairy tales in the Western tradition. During the nineteenth century, famous fairy tales authors such as Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Hans Christian Andersen, and Joseph Jacobs continued writing down oral tales (Dewan 27). Though most fairy tales are now intended for children, that wasnt always the case. Trying to get back to their roots (within limits), some fairy tale authors are including more havoc and crime like they used to in the early times. Kids are more attracted to this aspect than they are to the soft-sides of things. Fairy tales relate to people of all ages now. Different authors aim at different ages, but the majority have an underlying theme that connects all families. Some fairy-tale adaptations minimize the fear, evil, and violence, forgetting that many children enjoy dangerous situations, particularly in the safe environment of fiction (Dewan 28). Its becoming well known that kids dont want the happy-go-lucky stories theyre used to being told. Fractured fairy talesdelight young readers because they violate the fairy tale conventions that children have learned to recognize (Dewan 30). By moving away from the safe side of tales, it exposes people to a new mindset. Children become adults in these tales by moving away from home and entering the wide world-a place filled with danger, challenges, and exciting adventures (Dewan 28). Although the children in the stories may not literally become adults, they grow up mentally and are more mature. Many fairy tales begin with a domestic problem, one that propels children into the larger word. This movement away from home stimulates personal growth as characters face new challenges (Dewan 28). Fairy tales have changed a lot throughout the years. Some of the most famous, original fairy tale authors wrote in lots of gory details, not leaving out any carnage. People thought that was too aggressive, so some authors switched and became too soft, losing touch with their fanbase in the process. All of the fairy tales we are told as kids are watered-down versions of the original. The original tales might be too gruesome for todays people; their horrific origins, which often involve rape, incest, torture, cannibalism and other hideous occurrences, are brimming with sophisticated and brutal morality (Ogden). Now, there is going to be an example of one of our favorite story origins, but be warned: its cruel. The tale of Hansel and Gretel could have been told to keep children from wandering off. But during the great famine of 1315-1317 A. D. that crushed most of continental Europe and England, disease, mass death, infanticide and cannibalism increased exponentially. Seeking relief, some desperate parents deserted their children and slaughtered their draft animals. Or Hansel and Gretel might have stumbled upon the home of the successful baker, Katharina Schraderin. In the 1600s, she concocted such a scrumptious gingerbread cookie that a jealous male baker accused her of being a witch. After being driven from town, a posse of angry neighbors hunted her down, brought her back to her home, and burned her to death in her own oven. This is just one case where a cute story was formed from a cold-blooded past. To sum up, fairy tales have been around for a very long time. Theyve been passed down through generations, starting from when adults told their troubles and hardships to each other over a meal. Theyve come a long way from the intense, gruesome dramas that werent intended for children and found a nice balance between being too intense and too soft. Fairy tales have existed for many millennium, battling the inevitable test of time and winning again and again. Although fairy tales werent initially intended for children, the tales have almost made a full-circle and started including the gore and horror aspect that was there when the adults were the majority of the audience. Overall, it might be said these child-favorite fantasies have been around for basically forever. Theyre a wide and extensive topic, spanning all the way from before 4,000 bce, and there doesnt seem to be an end in sight. To sum up, fairy tales have been around for a very long time. Theyve been passed down through generations, starting from when adults told their troubles and hardships to each other over a meal. Theyve come a long way from the intense, gruesome dramas that werent intended for children and found a nice balance between being too intense and too soft. Fairy tales have existed for many millennium, battling the inevitable test of time and winning again and again. Conclusion Although fairy tales werent initially intended for children, the tales have almost made a full-circle and started including the gore and horror aspect that was there when the adults were the majority of the audience. Overall, it might be said these child-favorite fantasies have been around for basically forever. Theyre a wide and extensive topic, spanning all the way from before 4,000 bce, and there doesnt seem to be an end in sight. To sum up, fairy tales have been around for a very long time. Theyve been passed down through generations, starting from when adults told their troubles and hardships to each other over a meal. Theyve come a long way from the intense, gruesome dramas that werent intended for children and found a nice balance between being too intense and too soft. Fairy tales have existed for many millennium, battling the inevitable test of time and winning again and again. Although fairy tales werent initially intended for children, the tales have almost made a full-cir cle and started including the gore and horror aspect that was there when the adults were the majority of the audience. Overall, it might be said these child-favorite fantasies have been around for basically forever. Theyre a wide and extensive topic, spanning all the way from before 4,000 bce, and there doesnt seem to be an end in sight.